Conclusion & references

Conclusion

Blindness from DR is now largely preventable with timely detection and appropriate interventional therapy. Routine, repetitive, lifelong, and expert clinical retinal examination is essential for patients with diabetes. Since diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease, the optimal management is complex and requires a multi-disciplinary healthcare team-based approach. DR represents a substantial public health problem that needs improving primary and secondary prevention programs.

References

Diabetic retinopathy. Edited by O Paul van Bijsterved, Martin Dunitz Ltd, London, 2000

Schwartz SG, Flynn HW Jr, Scott IU. Pharmacotherapy for diabetic retinopathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009 May;10(7):1123-31.

Simó R, Hernández C. Advances in the medical treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2009 Aug;32(8):1556-62.

Bloomgarden ZT. Diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2008 May;31(5):1080-3.

Jeganathan VS, Wang JJ, Wong TY. Ocular associations of diabetes other than diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2008 Sep;31(9):1905-12.

Mohamed Q, Gillies MC, Wong TY. Management of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review. JAMA. 2007 Aug 22;298(8):902-16.

Frank RN. Diabetic retinopathy. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jan 1;350(1):48-58.

Fong DS, Aiello L, Gardner TW, King GL, Blankenship G, Cavallerano JD, Ferris FL 3rd, Klein R; American Diabetes Association. Diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2003 Jan;26(1):226-9.

Disclaimer: This document contains information based on published scientific articles and is for educational purposes only. It is in no way intended as a substitute for qualified medical professional help, advice, diagnosis or treatment.

Contributors: Katia Marazova, PhD (January 2011), Dr Jean-François Girmens, CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, Paris
Credit: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health